來源:網(wǎng)絡資源 2023-09-26 19:54:17
01
定語從句的概念
在復合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。連接主句和從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。
先行詞 + 關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞 / 關(guān)系副詞)+ 從句剩余部分。
02
定語從句的關(guān)鍵詞
引導定語從句的關(guān)系詞可以分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。常見的關(guān)系代詞有 that, which, who, whom, whose 等;關(guān)系副詞包括 where, when, why 等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用,同時又作定語從句的重要成分。
03
關(guān)系代詞的用法
1.關(guān)系代詞的作用
(1)引導定語從句,連接主從句
(2)代替先行詞
(3)在從句中擔當一定的成分
2.關(guān)系代詞的選擇
定語從句中關(guān)系代詞的選擇由先行詞和關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔當?shù)某煞譀Q定。
The girl who/that helped me yesterday is a nurse.
(代替 the girl,作從句的主語,不可省略)
The girl (who/whom/that) I helped yesterday is a nurse.
(代替 the girl,作從句的賓語,可省略)
I saw a man whose hair is long yesterday.
(whose 作 hair 的定語,不可省略)
3.必須用 that 的情況
(1)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾,或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時,只能用 that。
例如:
Helen is always the first student that arrives at school.
(2)被修飾的先行詞為 all, any, much, many, everything, anything 等不定代詞時,只能用 that。
(3)先行詞被 the only, the very, the same, little 等詞修飾時,只能用 that。
例如:
This is the only thing that was left to son.
(4)先行詞里同時含有人或物時,只能用 that.
例如:
The man and the dog that I met yesterday were hit by a car.
(5)以 who 或 which 引導的特殊疑問句,為避免重復,只能用 that。
例如:
Who is the boy that is standing under tree?
注意:
(1)當定語從句中含有介詞且放在句末 who, that, which 可省略;但介詞在關(guān)系詞前時,只能用“介詞 +which/whom 結(jié)構(gòu)。
例如:
This is the factory in which my father works.
He is the man from whom I borrowed bike.
(2)在含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中,此介詞不可前置,只能放在原來的位置上。
例如:
This is the book which you are looking for.
(3)that 作介詞的賓語時,介詞不能放在它前面,只能放在從句中動詞的后面。
例如:
The house in that she lives is very big. (錯誤)
The house that she lives in is very big. (正確)
04
關(guān)系副詞的用法
在定語從句中,關(guān)系副詞常作狀語。
(1)when 指時間,其先行詞表示時間,在句中作時間狀語。
例如:
Do you know the time when he goes home?
(2)where 指地點,其先行詞表示地點,在句中作地點狀語。
例如:
This is the place where they will travel.
(3)why 指原因,其先行詞是原因,在句中作原因狀語。
例如:
Nobody knows the reason why he didn't come to school this morning.
05
定語從句中的主謂一致
在定語從句中,從句謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上要與先行詞保持一致。若先行詞是可名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,從句謂語動詞用單數(shù);若先行詞是可數(shù)名詞復數(shù),從句謂語動詞也要用復數(shù)形式。
例如:
Eric is a student who likes to play basketball in our class.
There are many students who like to play basketball in our class.
06
真題演練
1. Wang Yangming is a great educationalist _____developed mostof his thoughts in Xiuwen.
A. which
B. what
C. who
2.Mr. Brown is a teacher_____is strict with all his students.
A. which
B. who
C. where
3.The book_____I read last night was fantastic.
A. that
B. what
C. whose
D. who
4. China is getting better at making hi-tech products_____canbe bought in all parts of the world.
A. who
B. which
C. what
參考答案:
1.C
2.B
3.A
4.B
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