來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2023-07-08 19:09:08
一、英語(yǔ)中的定語(yǔ)從句與漢語(yǔ)中的定語(yǔ)位置不同。
在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。英語(yǔ)中的定語(yǔ)從句始終要放在被修飾的詞之后,而漢語(yǔ)中的定語(yǔ)則放在被修飾詞之前。
如:The man(先行詞) who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday(定語(yǔ)從句) is my English teacher.
昨天我在校門(mén)口看見(jiàn)的那個(gè)人是我的英語(yǔ)老師。
二、英語(yǔ)從句中的句型結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜,有先行詞、關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。
被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。
關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間起紐帶作用,關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中要充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。關(guān)系代詞在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ),關(guān)系副詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)。
如:I am waiting for the boy (先行詞) who /that (關(guān)系代詞)is wearing a red coat. (主語(yǔ))
我正在等穿著紅色外套的那個(gè)男孩。
The dictionary(先行詞)that / which(關(guān)系代詞) my sister gave me last Sunday is very expensive.(賓語(yǔ))
我姐姐上周星期天給我的那本字典很貴。
That isthe house(先行詞)where(關(guān)系副詞) my father used to live.(狀語(yǔ))
那是我父親曾經(jīng)居住過(guò)的房子。
三、初中英語(yǔ)中定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞的具體用法。
1. who指人(也可用that),在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),也可作賓語(yǔ)。
如:Yesterday I helped an old man who / that lost his way. (主語(yǔ))
昨天我?guī)椭艘晃幻月返睦先恕?/p>
注意:關(guān)系代詞who指人,作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),可用whom代替;作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),關(guān)系代詞可省略。作其它成分,關(guān)系代詞則不能省略。
2. whose指人,也可指物。在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)。
The boywhosemother is ill is staying at home to look after her today.
他母親生病的那個(gè)男孩今天呆在家里照顧她。
I have a story bookwhosecover is red.
我有一本封面是紅色的故事書(shū)。
3. which指物(也可用that),在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),也可作賓語(yǔ)。
如:Football is a game which / that is liked by most boys. (主語(yǔ))
足球是被大多數(shù)男孩喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)。
I don’t believe the newswhich / thatTom won the game. (賓語(yǔ))
我不相信湯姆贏(yíng)得這場(chǎng)比賽的消息。
四、關(guān)系代詞whom, which在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),可以和介詞一起放在先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間。
That is the placein whichI lived for five years.
=That is the placewhich / thatI lived in for five years.
那就是我住過(guò)五年的地方。
Mr Zhang is the manfor whomI am looking.
=Mr Zhang is the manwho / whom / thatI am looking for.
張先生就是我正在找的那個(gè)人。
五、具體使用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞需要注意的問(wèn)題。
1.只用that,不用which的情況。
(1)前有序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。如:
This is the tenth giftthatI received for my birthday.
這是我收到的第十個(gè)生日禮物。
(2)前有形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。如:
That is the most exciting gamethatI have ever watched.
那是我曾經(jīng)看過(guò)最令人興奮的比賽。
(3)先行詞是all, little, few, something, anything, everything等不定代詞時(shí)。如:
All that he told me is true. 他告訴我的一切是真實(shí)的。
(4)先行詞被the only修飾時(shí)。如:
The only thing that I can get is a pen. 我唯一能得到的東西就是一支鋼筆。
(5)先行詞既指人,又指物時(shí)。如:
We talked about the people and the thingsthatwe were interested in.
我們談?wù)摿宋覀兏信d趣的人和事。
2. 只用which,不用that的情況。
(1)定語(yǔ)從句是物時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞which”引導(dǎo)。如:
The thingabout whichthe teacher is talking is very important.
老師正在談?wù)摰哪羌路浅V匾?/p>
(2)先行詞本身是that, those時(shí),如:
What’s thatwhichis flying in the sky?
在天空中飛的那是什么?
定語(yǔ)從句單選題練習(xí)
1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.
A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich
2.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.
A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayed
C.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed
3.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?
A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich
4.Thatistheday______I'llneverforget.
A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when
5.Thefactory______we'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.
A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich
6.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_____weareworking.
A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there
7.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof____satasmallboy.
A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that
8.Itthereanyoneinyourclass____familyisinthecountry?
A.whoB.who'sC.whichD.whose
9.Theletterisfrommysister,______isworkinginBeijing
A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who
10.Ilostabook,______Ican'tremembernow.
A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat
11.Icanneverforgettheday_____weworkedtogetherandtheday____wespenttogether.
A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when
12.Thereason______hedidn'tcomewas______hewasill.
A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what
13.Thisisthemagazine_______Icopiedtheparagraph.
A.thatB.whichC.fromthatD.fromwhich
14.Thenumberofthepeoplewho_______cars_______increasing.
A.owns;areB.owns;isC.own;isD.own;are
Answers:
1 A 2 D 3C 4 A5 C
6 A 7 C 8D 9 D10 A
11 A 12 A13 D 14 C
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