定語(yǔ)從句

一、定義

在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞、代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。

二、先行詞

先行詞指人 who /that

先行詞指物 which/ that

定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟被修飾的名詞或代詞(即先行詞)后

三、關(guān)系代詞

關(guān)系代詞代替先行詞在句子中擔(dān)當(dāng)成分，所以從句中不可再出現(xiàn)其他代替先行詞的代詞

四、翻譯方法 “…. 的”

Whom: 先行詞指人，則代替先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)(包括介詞的賓語(yǔ)), 與who的區(qū)別是如果前面帶介詞則必須用whom

1. This is the teacher whomwho we like best.

2. I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking.

Whose : 指人或物，作定語(yǔ)，表示 “…的”

eg: Harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher.

關(guān)系代詞只能 that 的特殊情況：

1.先行詞前有序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)：

This is the first gift that my parents bought me.

2.先行詞前有形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)：

This is the most exciting film that I have ever seen.

3. 先行詞是不定代詞something, anything等時(shí).

e.g. Is there anything that you want in this shop

4. 先行詞是人和物時(shí), 用that.

e.g. He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.

5. 先行詞被all , little , the only , the very(就是，正是), the last 等詞修飾時(shí),只能用that

e.g. This is the last place that I want to visit.

6. 特殊疑問(wèn)句以who 或which 開頭，只能用that引導(dǎo).

Who is the girl that is making a speech on the platform?

當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前使用介詞時(shí)：

物+介詞+which ; 人+ 介詞 + whom

當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前使用介詞時(shí)：

e.g. 1. This is the train by which we went to Beijing.

2. This is the teacher to whom my mother is talking.

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